Beneficial Ownership Information (BOI) Reporting (Korean Version)

내년부터 다수의 소규모 비즈니스가 미국 재무부 산하 Financial Crimes Enforcement Network (FinCEN)에 BOI 보고서를 제출해야 한다. 이를 준수하지 않을 경우 상당한 민형사상 처벌을 받을 수 있으며, 심지어 징역형에 처해질 수도 있다는 점을 인지해야 한다.

BOI reporting 요건은 2021년 Corporate Transparency Act (P.L. 116-283)을 통해 제정된 자금세탁 방지 대안으로, FinCEN에 BOI를 보고하도록 의무화한다. 이 요건은 대부분의 회사에 적용된다.

BOI 보고는 불투명한 기업 구조 뒤에 정체를 숨기고 미국 금융 시스템을 악용하는 악의적 행위자를 적발하는 데 도움이 될 기업투명성법을 시행하기 위한 중요한 단계다.

신고해야 하나요?

비즈니스가 법인(S 법인 또는 C 법인) 또는 유한책임회사(LLC) 인 경우, 면제 자격이 없는 한 BOI 보고서를 제출해야 할 수 있다. 주요 고려 사항에는 회사 설립 과정에서 secretary of state 또는 유사한 office에 서류를 제출해야 했는지 여부가 포함된다. The Corporate Transparency에는 정규직 직원 수 20명 이상, 총 수입액 500만 달러 이상 등의 기준을 포함하여 23가지 면제 요건이 명시되어 있다.

제출 날짜는?

2024년 1월 1일 이후에 설립 또는 등록한 보고 기업은 회사 설립 또는 등록 통지를 받은 후 30일 이내에 최초 BOI 보고서를 제출해야 한다. 2024년 1월 1일 이전에 비즈니스를 시작하거나 등록한 보고 기업은 2025년 1월 1일까지 초기 BOI 보고서를 제출할 수 있는 추가 기한이 주어진다.

무엇을 신고해야 하나요?

기본적인 비즈니스 세부 정보 외에도 BOI 보고서에는 회사의 각 실소유주에 대한 개인 정보를 포함하도록 규정하고 있다. 수익적 소유자는 보고 회사에 대한 실질적인 통제권 또는 소유권(최소 25%)을 가진 모든 개인이 될 수 있다. 이름, 생년월일, 집 주소 등과 같은 구체적인 세부 정보가 필요하다.

업데이트 및 수정

신고한 세부 정보에 변경 사항이 있거나 제출 후 부정확한 내용이 확인되는 경우, 30일 이내에 FinCEN에 정보를 업데이트하거나 수정할 수 있다.

소규모 기업 규정 준수 가이드

FinCEN이 월요일에 게시한 소규모 기업 규정 준수 가이드는 각 BOI 보고 규칙 조항을 설명하고, 주요 질문에 대한 답변을 제공하며, 대화형 체크리스트, 인포그래픽 및 기타 도구를 제공하여 기업의 규정 준수에 도움을 준다.  이 가이드는 BOI 보고 규칙을 준수하기 위한 6가지 주요 질문을 다룬다:

  • 회사에서 수익적 소유자를 신고해야 하나요?
  • 회사의 실소유주는 누구인가요?
  • 회사에서 회사 지원자를 신고해야 하나요?
  • 회사에서 보고해야 하는 구체적인 정보는 무엇인가요?
  • 우리 회사는 언제 어떻게 초기 BOI 보고서를 제출해야 하나요?
  • 보고된 정보에 변경 사항이나 부정확한 내용이 있으면 어떻게 하나요?

 

소규모 기업 규정 준수 가이드:
BOI Small Compliance Guide (fincen.gov)

Beneficial Ownership Information (BOI) Reporting (English Version)

Starting next year, a vast number of small businesses will need to submit a BOI report to the Financial Crimes Enforcement Network (FinCEN), a division of the U.S. Department of Treasury. It is essential to be aware that non-compliance may result in significant civil and criminal penalties, which could even lead to imprisonment.

The BOI reporting requirement is an anti-money laundering initiative enacted through the Corporate Transparency Act, P.L. 116-283, in 2021 that mandates BOI be reported to FinCEN. The requirement would apply to most companies.

The BOI reporting a critical step towards implementing the Corporate Transparency Act, which will help the Treasury Department and FinCEN expose bad actors abusing the U.S. financial system by hiding their identity behind opaque corporate structures.

Do You need to File?

If your business is a corporation (S corp or C corp) or a limited liability company (LLC), you may need to file a BOI report, unless you qualify for an exemption. Key factors include whether you had to file any documents during the formation of your company with the secretary of state or similar offices. The Corporate Transparency Act outlines 23 exemptions, including criteria like having over 20 full-time employees and more than $5 million in gross receipts.

Filing Date?

Reporting companies created or registered on or after January 1, 2024, will have 30 days after receiving notice of their company’s creation or registration to file their initial BOI reports. Reporting companies created or registered to do business before January 1, 2024, will have additional time — until January 1, 2025 — to file their initial BOI reports.

What needs to be Reported?

Beyond basic business details, the BOI report mandates the inclusion of personal information for each beneficial owner of the company. A beneficial owner can be any individual with substantial control or ownership (at least 25%) over the reporting company. Specific details such as names, birthdates, home addresses, and more are required.

Updates and Corrections

Should there be any changes in the reported details or if inaccuracies are identified post-submission, you have a 30-day window to update or correct the information with FinCEN.

The Small Entity Compliance Guide

The Small Entity Compliance Guide, which FinCEN posted Monday, describes each of the BOI reporting rules provisions; answers key questions; and provides interactive checklists, infographics, and other tools to assist businesses with compliance.  The guide addresses six key questions for complying with the BOI reporting rule:

  • Does my company have to report its beneficial owners?
  • Who is a beneficial owner of my company?
  • Does my company have to report its company applicants?
  • What specific information does my company need to report?
  • When and how should my company file its initial BOI report?
  • What if there are changes or inaccuracies in reported information?

 

The Small Entity Compliance Guide:
BOI Small Compliance Guide (fincen.gov)

California Further Limits Application of P.L. 86-272 Protection To E-commerce

In Technical Advice Memorandum 2022-01 (TAM), California's Franchise Tax Board (FTB) examined the scope of P.L. 86-272's protections, especially in the context of online activities and remote work. This memorandum largely mirrors the Multistate Tax Commission (MTC)'s prior guidelines and concludes that various online activities can make a taxpayer ineligible for the protections under P.L. 86-272. Such disqualifying online activities include offering after-sales support via chat or email, accepting branded credit card applications, taking in job applications for non-sales roles, and installing cookies on users' devices.

 

For those of you who are not familiar with P.L. 86-272, it is a federal law preventing a state from imposing a net income tax on any person’s income derived within the state from interstate commerce if the only business activity performed in the state is the solicitation of orders of tangible personal property; such orders are sent outside the state for approval or rejection; and the orders, if approved, are filled by shipment or delivery from a point outside the state.

 

The TAM also stipulates that regular telecommuting from California would void these protections, unless the in-state activities are solely supportive of sales of tangible personal property. Businesses with websites or remote workers in California should critically evaluate how the TAM affects them, particularly if they currently depend on P.L. 86-272 protections or are subject to California's income tax apportionment throwback rule.

 

California is the pioneer state to enforce the MTC's definitions of protected and non-protected internet-based activities, applying its interpretation retroactively. States like New York, New Jersey, and Oregon are contemplating similar moves, although California's interpretation has already faced legal challenges from the American Catalog Mailers Association.

 

The future remains uncertain regarding how many states will adopt the MTC's updated guidelines and whether they'll enforce them retroactively or going forward. The evolving interpretation of P.L. 86-272 adds complexity for both states and taxpayers, limiting its original protective scope even further.  Taxpayers should engage in diligent review and planning to navigate these shifting tax obligations.

 

Link to TAM 2022-01  Technical Advice Memorandum 2022-01